December 2019

  • Common Name: Oregon Sugar Pod II Pea
    Checkered table cloth with boxes of Snow Peas at a farmer's market.

    Photo courtesy of Pixabay.


    Scientific Name: Pisum sativum
    Days to Germinate: 7-10 days
    Days to Maturity: 60-68 days
    General Description: Organic Oregon Sugar Pod II Pea is an edible-pod, bush, snow pea variety that has tender, crisp, sweet, 4″ long pods. This dwarf variety with vines reaching heights of only 24-30” this pea needs no staking and grows great in a container. This long time favorite is ideal for stir-fry dishes, snacks and salads and great for freezing.  The young sprouts make a lovely garnish. Oregon Sugar Pods split and produce two peas at every growth node while other snow peas produce just one. And the “II” in Oregon Sugar Pod II refers to the fact that this evolution of the pea is disease resistant. So you get lots of peas and no powdery mildew. Great to plant for winter microgreens. The shoots are sweet, crunchy and delicious.  Harvest them at about 2″ long.  Their quick germination makes them one of the most productive for microgreens.
    Site Requirements:

    • Light: Full sun to part shade
    • Water: Regular
    • Soil: Average

    Seeding: Plant peas in early spring as soon as the soil can be worked and soil temperatures average 45 degrees. Peas like cool weather between 65-70 degrees for best production.
    Plant again every 2-3 weeks until mid spring for a continued harvest.
    Harvest Time:  Pick the pods when they are still immature and relatively flat. When harvesting, be sure to use two hands. Use one hand to hold the vine and the other to pick the peas. This way you will avoid damaging the tender vines. For the crispiest peas, pick in the morning after the dew has dried. Peas will last about 5 days in the refrigerator and any extra freeze well.
     
    Fun Facts:

    • Peas fix nitrogen in the soil.
    • Peas make excellent companions with corn, bush beans, pole beans, carrots, celery, chicory, cucumber, eggplant, parsley, early potato, radish, spinach, strawberry, sweet pepper, tomatoes, and turnips.
    • Pease are a good source of protein, fiber and vitamins A, C and B.
    • Keep your peas away from chives, grapes, late potatoes and onions.Packet of Oregon Sugar Pod Pea seeds.

December 2019Photo of a Freckles lettuce head.

Common Name: Freckles Romaine Lettuce
Scientific Name: Latuca stiva
Days to Germination: 2-10 days
Days to Maturity: 55-70 days
General Description: Freckles is a classic heirloom romaine with beautiful, tender, glossy, apple-green leaves splashed with maroon-red. Both heat and sun tolerant, this variety rarely bolts. It’s delicious as a baby lettuce and a mature one. Its beautiful coloring make it a welcome addition to any salad bowl.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun/part shade
  • Water: Average
  • Soil: Average to rich

Seeding: Seed lettuce in the spring  as soon as the soil can be worked. Cover lightly with soil, soak and keep moist until germination. Row covers can be used to protect from late frosts. Sow seed again every 2 weeks until late spring. Another crop may be started in the late summer for a fall harvest. Water regularly and fertilize when plants are 3″ (7.5 cm) tall. Mulch around the base of plants to help retain moisture and control weeds.
Harvest Time:  Lettuce is best harvested in the morning to retain its crisp sweetness. Pinch off individual outer leaves as needed. The center leaves will form a loose head which can be harvested when mature by cutting the entire plant at the base. Be sure to harvest before the plant goes to seed.
Fun Facts:

  • Freckles heirloom lettuce, originally known by the German name of “Forellenschluss,” which means “speckled like a trout’s back,” comes from Austria and Southern Germany in the late 18th century.
  • Freckles lettuce is know n for being hign in iron.
  • Companion plants include: carrots, cucumbers, beans, beets, radish and onions.Lettuce, Organic Romaine, Freckles

November 2019Photo of a Rocky Mountain Beeplant blossom.

Common Name: Rocky Mountain beeplant, bee spiderflower, skunk weed, stinking clover and Navajo spinach
Scientific Name: Cleome serrulata
Native Range: North America
Hardiness Zone: 3-10
Type: Annual
General Description: This easy to grow annual wildflower is one of the showiest western natives. Growing from 18”- 4’ tall it is covered in pink nectar filled blossoms from mid to late summer. The showy blossoms attract many pollinators including bees, butterflies and wasps. The seeds are an important food source for doves and other small birds.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun to partial shade
  • Water: Dry to average moisture
  • Soil: Well drained

 
Seeding: Rocky Mountain Beeplant is easy to establish by direct seeding. Soak the very hard seed in warm water for 48 hours prior to planting. Do not let the seeds dry out during germination. One ounce of seed will cover approximately 100sqft. Beeplant regularly reseeds itself into bare soil.
Bloom Time: July through AugustBeeplant tag with close-up photo of cluster of pink blossoms
Fun Facts:

  • A Great Pollinator Plant!
  • This species was one of the many new plants collected in 1804 during the Lewis and Clark expedition. It was found along the Vermillion River in South Dakota.
  • The young, tender shoots and leaves are good sources of vitamin A and calcium.
  • The Navajo still use the plant as a source of yellow-green dye for their beautiful wool rugs and blankets.
  • Many pueblo tribes use a concentrated form of dye, made from boiling the plant into a thick black resin, to paint designs on pottery or for decorating their baskets.
  • All parts of the plant can be eaten raw, cooked, or dried.
  • Drinking an infusion of the plant relieves stomachache and reduces fever. Applied as a compress it soothes sore eyes.
  • In times of drought early Spanish-Americans made tortillas from the barely palatable but nourishing seeds.

November 2019

Common Name: Bird’s Eye Gilia
Scientific Name:  Gilia tricolor
Native Range: Western United States, mainly California, on open, grassy plains and slopes below 2,000 ft
Hardiness Zone: 3-10
Type: Annual
General Description: This low growing annual (12-18”) prefers full sun and dry soils but is very adaptable. Clusters of ½” light blue or violet flowers with powder blue stamens, yellow throats and deep violet centers bloom all summer long. Flowers have a musky fragrance that some say smells like chocolate.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Dry
  • Soil: Adaptable

 
Seeding:  Direct sow into the garden after danger of frost has passed. Keep moist until germination. Bird’s eye gilia will self sow. 1oz of seed covers 400sqft.
 
Bloom Time:  Spring to summerBird's Eye Gilia packet.
Fun Facts:


October 2019

Photo of a yellow coreopsis flower.

photo courtesy of pixabay – wisconsinimages

Common Name: Plains Coreopsis

Scientific Name: Coreopsis tinctoria

Native Range: Western United States
Type: Annual
Hardiness Zone: Zones 2-11
Days to Germinate: 1-2 weeks
Days to Maturity:
General Description: Plains Coreopsis has sunny yellow flowers with mahogany centers, or mahogany-red flowers with yellow centers. Numerous flowers bloom atop finely cut foliage. Ranging in height from 1-2’ tall, these showy flowers bloom from June to September. Coreopsis is easy to grow, makes a great cut flower and looks great in meadow, prairie and wildflower plantings.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Sun to part shade
  • Water: Easily grown in dry to moderately moist soils
  • Soil: Sandy to rocky soils

 
Seeding: Seeds can be started indoors 6-8 weeks prior to last frost date and transplanted outside after all chances of frost have past. Or, plant seeds directly outdoors after last chance of frost.  The seeds germinates quickly in only 1-2 weeks. Light aids in germination. Gently tamp seeds into soil without deeply covering.
Bloom Time: Late spring to fall
Fun Facts:Front of the Plains Coreopsis seed packet.

  • Looks great in large plantings
  • Once used as a source of red and yellow dye
  • Readily self seeds
  • Performs well in wet years
  • Deer and drought tolerant
  • Nectar source for both bees and butterflies
  • Seeds attractive to birds

October 2019

Common Name: Cinderella Pumpkin

Scientific Name: Cucurbita maxima

Photo of a bunch of Cinderella Pumpkins.

Photo courtesy of pixabay annca


Days to Germinate: 6-15 days
Germination Temperature: 70-75 degrees
Days to Maturity: 85-115 days
General Description: Cinderella Pumpkin is an antique French heirloom known as Rouge vif’ d’Etampes, popular in the 1800’s. This squash has flattened shiny red-orange fruits with narrow deep ribbed sections and rough bumpy skin. Fruits can grow up to 40 lbs. and are beautiful and decorative. The flesh is creamy, moist with a mild and sweet flavor.  It is great for cooking and pies. The large seeds are good for toasting.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Regular water during the growing season
  • Soil: Rich, fertile soil

 
Seeding: Direct seed after all chance of frost has passed into rich, fertile soil. Pumpkins and squash  are usually sown in groups (hills) of 3-5 seeds and thinned to the 2 strongest plants. Plants can also be started indoors 3-4 weeks before last frost in deep pots that can be set into the soil without disturbing the roots of the seedlings.
 
Harvest Time: Allow plants to reach full maturity before picking. Skin should be firm. Cut away from plant leaving a two inch stem attached to the fruit.
Fun Facts:

  • The Rouge Vif D’Etampe (“vivid red”) pumpkin is rumored to be the original inspiration for the carriage in the classic Disney film Cinderella. It has been said that animators used the variety in the studio as a muse and sketched multiple variations of the pumpkin before the final version of the carriage was created. After the release of the film, the Rouge Vif D’Etampe pumpkin earned a new name, the Cinderella pumpkin, and this is the name most commonly used in the United States today.
  • In 1883, W. Atlee Burpee purchased the seeds and introduced the variety to the United States.
  • The sweet, moist flesh of Cinderella pumpkins make them an excellent choice for sweet preparations such as, pies, breads, muffins and cakes.
  • They are also excellent in soups, stews and casseroles.
  • Fruits will keep 3-5 months when stored in a cool, dark place.

Photo of a single Cinderella pumpkin.

Photo courtesy of pixabay MabelAmber


Recipes:Cinderella Pumpkin
Cinderella Pumpkin Bowl with Vegetables & Sausage
Cinderella Pumpkin Soup


See below for past Plant of the Month articles.


Common Name: Cherokee Purple Tomato
Days to Maturity: 80
General Description: It is the perfect home garden tomato with abundant purple/red, beefsteak shaped fruits that are firm with dark flesh and a delicious, rich, smoky flavor. Fruits average 5” across weighing 13 ounces. This is a large plant with an indeterminate habit that will provide a longer fruit production.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun. Tomatoes need at least 8 hours of direct sunlight
  • Water: Regular moisture at ground level
  • Soil: Well-drained & HIGH organic matter

Seeding: Sow seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost in the spring for the earliest harvest, maintaining a soil temperature of 75°F. Shift hardened seedlings to the garden shortly after the last frost. Fertilize the plants when they are 6″ tall and again in mid-summer.
Companions: Tomatoes grow well with asparagus, basil, beans, carrots, celery, chives, cucumber, garlic, head lettuce, marigold, mint, nasturtium, onion, parsley, peas, peppers and marigold. Basil will repel flies and mosquitoes from your tomato plants while also improving the growth and flavor. Beebalm, chives and mint will improve the health and flavor of your tomatoes. Keep potatoes, fennel, dill, cabbage and cauliflower away from your tomato plants.
Harvest Time: Pick the fruit carefully when they are full-colored and firm but before they begin to soften.
Fun Facts:

  • Tomato seeds will maintain viability for 4-10 years if kept in a dark, cool, dry place.
  • An old Cherokee Indian variety dated pre-1890.
  • Regularly ranks tops in taste tests across the country.

Common Name: Five Spot
Scientific Name: Nemophila maculata
Native Range: Western United States
Hardiness Zone: 3-9
General Description: Five Spot is a western native. The five white petals of the 1” wide, daisy-like flowers each have a deep purple spot and rise above finely textured foliage in spring. This vigorously flowering annual does best in the cool temperatures of spring and in shady areas of the garden.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full to partial shade
  • Water: Average to moist
  • Soil: Enriched garden loam
  • Dimensions: 4-6” high x 6-8” wide

Seeding: Five spot does not transplant well, so direct sowing of the seed is recommended. Early in the spring, sprinkle the seeds over the bare ground and then lightly rake to mix them with the soil and water regularly. Five spot seeds germinate best in soil temperatures of 55-65 F. Five spot will reseed naturally if left to flower and die back in the garden. Days to germination is 7-20.
Bloom Time: Five spot will bloom consistently all spring long.
Fun Facts:

  • Native to California
  • Can be grown virtually anywhere in the United States
  • Nemophila loosely translates as “woodland lover.” “Maculata” means spotted
  • Very attractive to native bee species

Common Name: Beebalm, horsemint, Oswego tea, Wild Bergamot
Scientific Name: Monarda fistulosa
Native Range: North America
Beebalm is found across North America in prairies, dry woods, unplanted fields and alongside roads and railways.
Hardiness Zone: 3-9
General Description: This prairie native is a member of the mint family. Lavender, two-lipped, tubular flowers look like fireworks covering the plant from July to September.  The flowers and leaves are both fragrant and can be dried and used as a tea. Beebalm needs good air circulation as it is prone to powdery mildew, so give it plenty of room to grow.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full Sun to part shade
  • Water: Moderate to dry
  • Soil: Well-drained- will tolerate clay and dry soils
  • Size: 2-4’ tall by 2-3’wide

Beebalm is at home in the herb garden, wild garden, native plant garden, meadow or naturalized area. Beebalm looks great with goldenrod, purple coneflower, daisies and phlox.
Seeding: Beebalm is easy to grow from seed. Press the seed gently into the soil surface in spring or late fall. Generally, Monardas establish quickly from seed when competition is limited. Beebalm will also readily self-sow once established.
Bloom Time: July to September
Fun Facts:

  • All Beebalms are excellent pollinator plants attracting a wide range of pollinators from bees to butterflies to hummingbirds.
  • Genus name honors Nicholas Monardes (1493-1588), physician and botanist of Seville.
  • The Menomini, Meskwaki and Ojibwe Indians used both the flowers and leaves as a tea to treat “catarrh and cold in the head” as well as stomach cramps.

Common Name: Clemson Spineless Okra
Native Range: Tropical Africa and Asia
Type: Annual
Days to Maturity: 50-64
General Description: One of the most popular varieties, this tried and true favorite will not disappoint. A beautiful plant covered in velvety foliage and hibiscus-like yellow flowers produces plenty of crunchy edible pods that can be eaten fried, roasted, steamed, pickled and more. Plants can reach heights of 4-6’ and thrive in the warm sunshine.
Companions: Great garden companions for okra are melon, cucumbers, sweet peppers and eggplant.
 
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Do not keep too wet. Allow soil to dry out between watering.
  • Soil: Rich in organic matter

Seeding: Sow seeds 1/2’”deep directly into the garden when soil temperatures are 55-65 degrees. Seeds can be started indoors 4-6 weeks prior to last frost date. Transplant into a sunny spot in the garden or a container in a sunny location when plants are 4-6” tall.
Harvest Time: Pick individual pods when they reach a length of 2-3” for best flavor. Continue to pick pods regularly to encourage the plant to keep producing. Leaves may cause skin irritation so wear gloves or avoid contact with the leaves while picking.
Fun Facts:Creamy yellow Okra bloom.

  • Flowers give way to fruit capsules which have a musky aroma.
  • Okra came to the Caribbean and the U.S. in the 1700s, probably brought by slaves from West Africa.  In Louisiana, the Créoles learned from slaves the use of okra (gumbo) to thicken soups and it is now an essential in Créole Gumbo.
  • Okra is an excellent source of vitamin C.

March 2019

Photo of tiny sprouts growing in a flat.

Photo courtesy of Pixabay – colobogue


Common Name: Custom Blend Micro Greens
Days to Maturity: 25-50
Days to Sprout: 7-14
Germination Temperature: 58-80 degrees F
General Description: A mix of heirloom varieties chosen for their delicious flavor, color and texture. Mix includes Amish and Red Deer Tongue lettuces, Detroit Dark Red and Golden Beets, Lucullus and Large White Ribbed Swiss Chards, Green & Red Oakleaf lettuces, Rocket herbs and Mizuna mustard.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Partial to full sun
  • Water: Frequent
  • Soil: Well-drained, fertile

Seeding:
Direct sow the seeds in the garden in early spring as soon as the soil can be worked. Plant at a depth of ¼-1/2” deep, spacing seeds ½” apart. Sow seeds again every 2 weeks until mid spring for a continual harvest. Provide light shade for late spring and summer plantings. Microgreens are easily grown indoors under lights as well or in a greenhouse with supplemental heat for a year-round harvest.  Fertilize when leaves reach a height of 3”.
Harvest Time:
Harvest the leaves for fresh eating when they are young and small (2-3”). Mature leaves can be used braised or sautéed.
Fun Facts:

  • Generally harvested at first true leaf stage of growth.
  • Easily grown in a variety of shallow containers.
  • Generally ready to harvest in about a month.

Photo of bunches of green onions tied wtih string.

Photo courtesy of pixabay – szjeno09190


Common Name: Tokyo Long White Onion
Scientific Name: Allium fistulosum
Native Range: Japan
Days to Maturity: 65-95
Days to Sprout: 10-15
Germination Temperature: 70 degrees
General Description: This Japanese heirloom is a sweet, mild, bunching onion with long, uniform, single stem stalks reaching about 12-14” tall. These onions are super easy to grow and are great for small gardens or containers.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun to part shade
  • Water: Regular watering
  • Soil: Most soils

Seeding:
Direct sow seed in early spring as soon as the soil can be worked. Make a one-inch depression, add 6-8 seeds then cover with ¼” of soil, spacing 6” between holes. Bunching onions prefer to be planted in groupings. Continue seeding at two-week intervals until mid-spring and then plant again in late summer for a fall harvest.
Harvest Time:

Phot of root ends of green onions.

Phot courtesy of Pexels


Pull the largest onions as needed, leaving the smaller ones to mature. Leaves can be cut during the growing stage, making sure to leave at least 1/3 of the center leaves in the plant.
Fun Facts:

  • Planting onions with chamomile is said to improve their flavor.
  • Keep your onions away from peas and asparagus!
  • Fast growing, low maintenance
  • Deer and rabbit resistant
  • Eat fresh or cooked in grilled dishes and stir-fries.

Label for the Cool Season Cover Crop mix.
NEW! Cool Season Cover Crop Mix!
Let me introduce our new Cool Season Cover Crop Mix. This mix of oats Avena sativa and field peas Pisum sativum is perfect when used in the early spring or fall as a cover crop to control weeds, loosen the soil and improve drainage, provide erosion control and add vital nitrogen, nutrients and organic matter to enrich and build the soil.
Cover crops are by definition any plant or group of plants that are grown for the protection and enrichment of the soil. Some plants are incorporated into the soil while they are still green (green manure) or left until they have flowered to improve and enrich soil tilth. Cover crops have many benefits including:

  • Preventing soil erosion
  • Stabilizing soil temperatures
  • Reducing water loss
  • Reducing weeds
  • Fixing soil nitrogen (peas and vetch)
  • Providing habitat and food for pollinators (clover, vetch and buckwheat)
  • Accumulating phosphorus in the soil
  • Reducing nutrient loss during the winter

Oats
Cool season annual oats are effectively used as a cover crop in either spring or fall. Hardy to zone 8, oats planted in the fall will usually winter kill north of central Oklahoma and the southern Texas Panhandle. The thick tangle of roots and tough stalks that remain add organic matter to the soil. Oats are easy to till back into the soil and are a nurse crop for clover and peas. They are a good weed suppressant.
Field Peas
Field Peas are a cool-season annual legume planted as either a spring or fall seeded cover-crop, it will winter kill when planted in the fall. They are prolific nitrogen producers, good pasture forage, a weed suppressant and the tendrils are edible.  Pea blooms are a good early source of nectar for bees and other pollinators! Mow or incorporate after flowering, before seed production to avoid unwanted volunteers next season.
Plant the mix at a rate of about 1 pound per 500 sq feet

Photo of a young cucumber growing on the vine.

photo courtesy of pixabay


Common Name: Spacemaster 80 Cucumber
Scientific Name: Cucumis sativa
 
Days to Germinate: 5-7 days
Days to Maturity: 57-64 days
General Description: Spacemaster 80 is an excellent compact cucumber variety. At only 18-24 inches this short but hardy cucumber is a great choice for the small garden or for growing in a container. The dark green fruits reach 7-9 inches in length, have great flavor and are never bitter. A heavy yielder, this cucumber is also resistant to mildew, scab and cucumber mosaic virus.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun (If days are regularly above 90 degrees, provide some late afternoon shade.)
  • Water: Consistent moisture
  • Soil: Well-drained and fertile

Seeding: Cucumbers can be seeded directly in the garden two weeks after your last frost date or when soil temperatures are above 70 degrees F. Place seeds ¼”-½” below the soil surface 12 inches apart. Plant seeds in rows or hills 3 feet apart. Cucumbers can also be started indoors about 2-4 weeks prior to your last frost-free date. Plant flowers such as sunflowers, cosmos, and zinnias to attract bees for pollination.
Harvest Time:  Pick fruits often to encourage productivity. Harvest early in the morning for the best flavor and texture.
 
Fun Facts:

  • Vitamin C and caffeic acid in cucumbers are known to soothe skin irritations and reduce swelling.
  • The cucumber is believed native to India and has been cultivated in western Asia for 3,000 years.
  • Cucumbers are the 4th most cultivated vegetable in the world.
  • A raw cucumber is 95% water and only 16 calories.

Common Name: Sweet Basil

Photo of Sweet Basil plants.

photo courtesy of pixabay.


Scientific Name: Ocimum basilicum
Native Range: Tropical Asia
Type: Annual
Days to Maturity: 80-90
General Description: Sweet basil is an attractive bushy plant 18-24” tall grown largely for its aromatic leaves. Think pesto! Easy to grow from seed in the ground or in a container it makes a great border plant and should not be left out of the herb garden.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Average moisture
  • Soil: Well-drained soil

Seeding: Sow the seeds into well-drained soil 1-2 weeks before average last frost. Germination temperature is 70 degrees. You can also sow seeds indoors 5-6 weeks earlier. Basil is very temperature sensitive. Make sure all danger of frost has passed before moving transplants to the garden.
Harvest Time: Regularly pinch stem tips to encourage branching and more of those delicious leaves. Just before flowers open harvest individual stems above the side shoots. Strip leaves and use fresh or hang whole plants upside down to dry.
Fun Facts:

  • In India, basil was believed to be imbued with divine essence, and oaths were sworn upon it in courts.
  • Basil comes in many sizes, colors and flavors including cinnamon, lemon, lime, dark opal, purple ruffles, Thai and spicy globe.

Photo of violet larkspur blooms.

Common Name: Rocket Larkspur
Scientific Name: Consolida ajacis
Native Range: Southern Europe and the Mediterranean
Hardiness Zone: 2-11
Days to Germinate: 15-30 days – Ideal germination temperature is 50-60F.
General Description: Rocket Larkspur or Wild Delphinium is an easy to grow annual flower. Beautiful spikes of pink, white, purple and deep blue flowers sit atop delicate, feathery foliage. Reaching heights of 12-36” tall this easy to grow plant blooms all summer long and will grow just about anywhere. These flowers look at home in the cottage, meadow or wild garden. They also make an excellent cut flower.
Close-up photo of a single larkspur blossom.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun to part sun
  • Water: Average
  • Soil: Adaptable to a wide range of soil conditions

Seeding: For the best germination of larkspur seeds, place them on a damp paper towel in a sealed plastic bag and place in the refrigerator for 1 – 2 weeks. Then directly sow the Larkspur seeds outdoors in prepared soil, keeping the seeds moist until germination. They can also be directly sown in the garden in late spring.
 
Bloom Time: Rocket Larkspur blooms all summer and into fall.
Fun Facts:
Rocket Larkspur is pollinated by long-tongued bees such as the bumblebee.
Both the seeds and leaves of Larkspur are poisonous.
Deer resistant
Attractive to hummingbirds
Makes an excellent cut flower

Bright red Maltese Cross bloom.

Common Name: Maltese Cross
Scientific Name: Lychnis chalcedonica
Native Range: Central and eastern Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and northwestern China.
Hardiness Zone: 3-8
Days to Germinate: 14-24 days – Ideal germination temperature is 65-70F.
General Description: Maltese Cross is an heirloom flower that has been grown in gardens since colonial times. This reliable and hardy cottage garden favorite is covered in brilliant red-orange flower clusters from early to mid-summer. Looks great in the back of the border or anywhere you need a bright splash of color. The 4” red flowers are attractive to both butterflies and hummingbirds.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun to part sun
  • Water: Average to moist
  • Soil: Adaptable to a wide range of soil conditions

Seeding: Sow 6-8 weeks before last frost and transplant outdoors after all danger of frost is past.  Sow seeds into moist well-drained soil in sun or part shade.
Bloom Time: Early to mid summer
Fun Facts:
Deer and rabbit resistant
Attractive to hummingbirds and butterflies
Makes an excellent cut flower
Highly disease resistant
Will self-sow
Planted in Thomas Jefferson’s garden at Monticello

Common Name:                                        Golden Midget Watermelon

Scientific Name:                                                                               Citrulus lanatus
 Days to Germinate: 3-5 days

Photo of a sliced Golden Midget Watermelon.

Image by utroja0 from Pixabay


Days to Maturity: 65-82 days
General Description: The compact vines of this heirloom, miniature watermelon make it a great choice for a small garden space, for planting in containers and for short growing seasons. These 7-8” oval melons weigh around 3 pounds and turn golden-orange when ripe. The flesh is a rich red and very sweet.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Regular, decrease after fruit set
  • Soil: Rich, fertile soil

Seeding: Direct seed into the garden when soil temperatures reach into the 70’s. Plant in groups or hills of 3-5 seeds and thin to the strongest two plants. Plants can be started indoors 2-3 weeks before transplanting.
Harvest Time: Harvest when the rind turns a golden-orange and fruits are about 7-8” around. The skin should be firm and melons should emit a dull hollow sound when thumped.
Fun Facts:

  • Watermelons are thought to have originated almost 5,000 years ago in the Kalahari Desert of Africa.
  • Hieroglyphics on the walls of Egyptian buildings tell stories of watermelon harvests.
  • During the Civil War, the Confederate Army boiled watermelon to make molasses for cooking.
  • Watermelon is 92% water.
  • Watermelon has only 40 calories per cup,
  • According to Guinness World Records, the world’s heaviest watermelon was grown by Chris Kent of Sevierville, Tennessee in 2013, weighing in at 350.5 lbs.
  • Common Name:   Powder Puff China Aster

    Scientific NameCallistephus chinensis ‘Powder Puff’
    Native Range: China and KoreaPnoto of China Aster flower blooming in a flower garden.
    Hardiness Zone: Zones 2-8
    Days to Germinate: 8-10 days
    General Description: This annual flower lights up the late season garden just when things are starting to look a little lack luster. In colors ranging from pink to white to purple and rose the double flowers make an excellent cut flower. Plants range in height from 12-36” tall with medium green, ovate, toothed leaves. Regular deadheading keeps China Asters blooming until frost.
    Site Requirements:

    • Light: Full sun to part shade
    • Water: Average
    • Soil: Rich, well drained with a pH between 6.0-7.8.

    Seeding: Sow seeds in a mostly sunny location after all danger of frost has passed. For continual bloom, plant seeds at two week intervals. For earlier blooms, start indoors 6-8 weeks before last frost.
     
    Bloom Time: Summer to early fall
    Fun Facts:

    • Deer resistant
    • Butterfly magnet
    • Excellent cut flower
    • Performs well in containers
    • Extremely easy to grow

September 2019Picture of the Watermelon radish package.

Common Name: Watermelon Radish

Scientific Name: Raphanus sativa

Native Range: China
Hardiness Zone:
Days to Germinate: 4-10
Days to Maturity: 60
General Description: Watermelon radish also known as the Chinese Red Meat Radish is a large radish with a creamy white and green exterior and a stunning red to pink interior. These radishes are sweet and crisp without any of the typical spicy radish taste. They are a true treat for the eye and the palette.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun to part shade
  • Water: Regular
  • Soil: Well amended

Seeding:  Plant seeds in early spring when the weather is still cool and continue to sow seeds until hot weather arrives. Sow seeds ¼ – ½“ deep and keep moist  until germination (4-10 days). Thin seedlings to 4” apart. Watermelon radish makes an excellent fall crop. Plant seeds 8-10 weeks before first fall frosts for a fall harvest.
 
Harvest: Harvest the roots when they are about 3” across. They become milder the larger they grow.
 
Fun Facts:
These radishes can grow as large as a baseball.
Excellent source of Vitamin C.
Recipes:
Watermelon Radish Salad Recipe
Roasted Watermelon Radishes w/Herbed Tahini Sauce

September 2019Label for the Cool Season Cover Crop mix.

Cool Season Cover Crop

 
General Description: Our Cool Season Cover Crop is the newest of our cover crop mixes. This mix of oats and field peas makes an excellent spring or fall cover crop that will provide vigorous growth to control weeds, loosen soils and improve drainage, provide erosion control and add vital nitrogen, nutrients and organic matter  to enrich and build soils.
Seeding:  Plant this mix as a cover crop in orchards and vineyards or in rotation with vegetable and field crops in early spring or early fall.  Plant the mix at a rate of about 1 pound per 500 sq feet.  The oats will grow even when the temperatures are barely above freezing to form a thick tangle of roots and tough stalks that add fibrous organic matter to the soil. The Field Peas are also hardy and are prolific nitrogen producers, so you’ll need less fertilizer.
Seeding Rate: 100 lbs/acre, 5lbs./2500 sq. ft. or 1lb./500 sq. ft.
Harvest: This crop can be grazed and should be mowed or incorporated after flowering, before seed production to prevent volunteers.
Fun Facts:  Pea blooms are a good early source of nectar for bees and other pollinators!
More Information about cover crops from Colorado State University Extension Service.
https://planttalk.colostate.edu/topics/soils-amendments-composting/1616-cover-crops/

https://planttalk.colostate.edu/topics/vegetables/1848-cover-crop-time/


Common Name: Blue Columbine
Scientific Name: Aquilegia caerulea                  
Native Range: Rocky Mountains
Hardiness Zone: 3-8
General Description: Blue Columbine is native to the higher elevations of the intermountain west. The beautiful, fragrant blue and white flowers are a favorite of hummingbirds, bees and hawk moths. They easily multiply and perform best in cool, higher altitude areas of the West.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full shade/Partial sun
  • Water: Average- daily watering may be needed if planted in a sunnier area
  • Soil: Enriched garden loam
  • Dimensions: 18” tall x 15” wide

Seeding: Columbine seed will germinate more quickly if chilled in the refrigerator for one week prior to planting.  Keep these plants away from other types of columbines since they will hybridize and the resulting seed will grow with mixed colors.
Bloom Time: The lovely blue and white flowers bloom in late spring to early summer.
Fun Facts:

  • Rabbit and deer resistant
  • There are seventy species of columbines in the world.
  • The Latin word Aquila means eagle and refers to the claw-like spurs at the base of the flower.
  • Discovered on Pike’s Peak in 1820 by climber Edwin James.
  • Blue Columbine is the Colorado state flower. The blue representing the sky, white, the snow and the yellow symbolizes Colorado’s gold mining history.

December 2018
Common Name: Rocky Mountain Penstemon
Scientific Name: Penstemon strictus                  
Native Range: Central and Southern Rocky Mountains
Hardiness Zone: 4-9
General Description: Rocky Mountain Penstemon is a hardy perennial native to the central and southern Rocky Mountains. Blue-purple flower spikes sit atop evergreen foliage for nearly a month in late spring. P.strictus is easy to grow and spreads readily via stolons so give this long-lived perennial room to grow.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Once established, low moisture requirements. Drought tolerant and drought resistant.
  • Soil: Well-drained soil
  • Dimensions: 18” tall x 36” wide

Seeding: Plant as a specimen rather than in a mix, in open, well-drained areas.  Sow seeds in late fall or early winter at a depth of 1/8 to ¼”, the cold temperatures will break down the seed coat and improve germination. Good seed to soil contact is important for germination and establishment.
Bloom Time: The intense blue-purple flowers bloom in late spring and last over a month attracting bees and hummingbirds. Perennials will bloom 2-3 years after planted from seed.
Fun Facts:

  • Rabbit resistant
  • Attracts hummingbirds, birds, honeybees, bumblebees and many other native bee species.
  • Penstemon do not like to be crowded. Give them space to grow.
  • Can be useful for erosion control.

November 2018

Common Name: Thyme
Scientific Name: Thymus vulgaris
Native Range: Southern Europe
Hardiness Zone: 5-9
Days to Maturity: 55-60
General Description: Thyme is a low (6-12”) spreading, woody perennial in the mint family. It has pale lavender flowers in early summer and in mild winters will stay evergreen. Thyme is easy to grow and does well in tough, dry locations.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full Sun
  • Water: Dry to Medium
  • Soil: Sandy, loose, rocky, well- drained

Seeding: Sprinkle seed onto the surface of sandy, well-drained soil in the early spring as soon as the soil can be worked. Press seed gently into the soil to create good seed to soil contact and keep moist until germination.
Bloom Time: The tiny, tubular, lilac colored flowers appear in early summer and are attractive to bumblebees, honeybees and butterflies.
Harvest Time: You can begin picking the highly aromatic leaves and sprigs of thyme as soon as the plant shows signs of vigorous growth. The leaves reach their peak of flavor just before flowering. Use them fresh or hang upside down to dry. Follow this link for more about drying herbs. Thyme is used in many dishes including soups, stews, marinades, sauces and meat and fish dishes. Thyme is also used medicinally to support and protect the respiratory system.  It has antibacterial properties and is an excellent expectorant helping to relieve coughs and congestion.
Fun Facts:

  • Thyme does great in containers, in the rock garden, as an edging plant and can even be used as a substitute for lawn grass.
  • Thyme was used for the process of mummification in ancient Egypt.
  • Leaves and flowers of thyme were used to protect against nightmares in the past. People believed that placing of thyme under the pillow ensures pleasant dreams.

In Medieval times, knights wore sprigs of thyme on their armor as a sign of courage. The scent was thought to give them strength in the midst of battle.

November 2018

Common Name: Sage
Scientific Name: Salvia officinalis
Native Range: the Mediterranean and Northern Africa
Hardiness Zone: 4-8
Days to Maturity: 70-80
General Description: Sage is one of the oldest cultivated herbs in the world. This woody-stemmed, semi-shrubby perennial has gray-green, pebbly-textured leaves and lavender-blue flowers reaching a size on average of 2 feet by 2 feet.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full Sun
  • Water: Dry to Medium
  • Soil: Well-drained

Seeding: Direct seed into fertile soil after all chance of frost has passed.  Seeds can be started indoors 6-8 weeks earlier. Transplant into well-drained soil in full sun after all chance of frost has passed.
Bloom Time: Sage bloom s in June with blue/purple flowers attractive to both bees and butterflies.
Harvest Time: The strongly aromatic leaves of sage can be harvested at any time and are used both fresh and dried.  Sage is used in stuffing recipes, sausage, dry rubs, meat dishes, stews and breads. Sage is a digestive aid and that is why it is often paired with fatty foods and dishes. Sage is not only a great culinary herb but a medical one too. Sage tea makes an excellent gargle for a sore throat, sore mouth, cold sores, and even gingivitis. It is also a great digestive herb helping to relieve, gas, bloating, stomach upset and heartburn.
Fun Facts:

  • Genus name Salvia comes from the Latin word salveo meaning to save or heal.
  • The ancient Egyptian s used sage to promote fertility.
  • The ancient Greeks and Romans first used sage as a meat preservative. They also believe it could enhance memory (Rogers,2014).
  • English herbalists believed that the state of sage in the garden determined how well a business would prosper. Less sage meant a failing business, while more sage meant prosperity (Rogers, 2014).

October 2018

Common Name: Jack O ‘Lantern Pumpkin
Scientific Name: Cucurbita maxima
Native Range: Central America
Hardiness Zone: 2-11
Days to Maturity: 100-110
General Description: The Jack O’ Lantern variety is a perfect pumpkin for carving and cooking. Each fruit averages 20 pounds. The skin is deep rich orange making them perfect for Halloween festivities. The shape is a slightly flattened sphere which helps the fruit stay upright. The flesh is richly flavored, ideal for pies and bread. Seeds can be roasted for a nutritious snack.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Consistent moisture, especially during flowering and fruiting
  • Soil: Fertile, well-drained soil

Seeding: Directly sow seeds into hills after last chance of frost. Seeds should be planted 1 inch deep. Plant 4-6 seeds per hill then thin to 2 plants per hill. Seeds will begin to germinate after 10-14 days. When fruits begin to appear, lay straw, hay or mulch around the base of the plant and under the fruit. This will reduce the chance of disease.
Harvest Time:
In late September / early October before frost pumpkins will become ready for harvest. Fruit should be firm. For harvesting, cut pumpkin from the vine leaving 3 inches of stem attached.
Fun Facts:

  • Pumpkins are easily propagated by seed.
  • Pumpkins are very sensitive to frost and thrive in warm soil conditions.
  • Powdery mildew is a common disease. Avoid watering the foliage and water directly at the base of the plant. Give plants plenty of space to allow air circulation.
  • Pumpkin vines do not like to be moved so plant them where they have plenty of space to grow.
  • Pumpkins with stems can be stored for several months.

Sources:
http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/homegardening/scene61ea.html
http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=e453

October 2018

Common Name: Butternut  Squash
Scientific name: Cucurbita moschata
Native Range: North America
Days to Maturity: 100-110
General Description: The oblong, tan-skinned fruits of butternut squash have a sweet, nutty taste making it a very popular winter squash to grow. Fruits grow to about 8-12” long and are larger at one end.  They are excellent roasted, steamed, cooked in soups, stews and casseroles or baked into breads and muffins.
Companions: Beans, corn and squash grow well together.  The corn gives support to the beans while the squash helps shade the ground preventing weed growth. Other vegetable companions for squash include onion, radish, cucumber and carrot.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Consistent moisture **
  • Soil: Highly fertile, well-drained soil

Seeding: Squash seeds germinate best in warm soils, so wait to plant until your soil reaches a temperature of about 70 degrees F.  Unless, you are trying to grow a long- season variety in an area prone to early frosts there isn’t a need to start winter squash seeds indoors. Instead, direct seed in the ground ½-1” deep into hills or rows. Sow 4-5 seeds per hill, thinning to 2-3 plants per hill. Space hills 4’-8’ apart depending on the size of your variety. If you want to get a head start, seeds can be started indoors 3-4 weeks before transplanting outside. Seeds should germinate in less than a week with adequate soil temperatures and moisture. Mulching helps plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds.
Harvest Time: Harvest before frost when the flesh of the squash is firm and difficult to pierce with a fingernail.  Remove fruit from the vine with a sharp knife making sure to leave a portion of the stem attached. This squash stores extremely well.
Fun Facts

  • Butternut squash is an excellent source of fiber, vitamins A &C and beta carotene.
  • “Squash” comes from the Narragansett Native American word askutasquash, which means “eaten raw or uncooked.”
  • Today the farmland in Massachusetts where the original Butternut squash was developed is now a golf course aptly named, Butternut Farm Golf Club.

September 2018

Common Name: Red Lobelia or Cardinal Flower
Scientific Name: Lobelia cardinalis
Native Range: Eastern North America
Hardiness Zone: 3-9
Type: Perennial
Bloom Time: July to September
General Description:
Red Lobelia is a short-lived clump-forming perennial that produces cardinal red, nectar-rich flowers that butterflies and hummingbirds love. The flowers open gradually from bottom to top on 2-4’ spikes.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun (if kept moist) to part shade
  • Water: Moist to wet
  • Soil: Rich

Seeding:
Lobelia seeds require a special treatment called cold stratification. Place the seed along with a small amount of peat moss and a couple drops of water in a plastic bag and place in the refrigerator for 10 days. Then follow our wildflower seed planting instructions. https://bbbseed.com/wildflower-grass-tips/
Fun Facts:

  • Pollinated by hummingbirds.
  • Honeybees can’t “see” the red flowers of lobelia, but when they do find it they indulge in its prolific nectar.
  • It was named after the Flemish botanist, Matthias de L’Obel (1538-1616).
  • The common name is in reference to the red robes worn by Roman Catholic cardinals.
  • Planted in part shade you will get the brightest blooms.

September 2018

Common Name: Green Manure Cover Crop Mixture
Contains: Austrian Winter Peas, Winter Hairy Vetch, Common Vetch, Oats and Winter Rye
General Description: This mix is a late season, winter cover crop and will provide vigorous late-season growth to loosen the soil and improve drainage. It provides winter erosion control, adds vital nitrogen, nutrients and organic matter to enrich and build the soil and control weeds. The vetches are excellent pollinator plants, attracting honey bees and beneficial predatory wasps. The winter rye and oats will grow over the winter even when the temperatures are barely above freezing and form a thick tangle of roots and tough stalks that add fibrous organic matter to the soil. The vetches and Austrian Peas are winter hardy and prolific nitrogen producers, so you’ll need less fertilizer come spring. This ‘green manure’ can be mowed or incorporated after flowering, before seed production if you don’t want volunteers sprouting up next season.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Average moisture
  • Soil: Well-drained soils of various quality

Seeding: Plant in orchards, vineyards, or in rotation with vegetable and field crops from mid-September to October to get established before freezing temperatures arrive.  Green Manure Cover Crop Mixture should be sowed at a rate of about 1 pound per 500 sq feet, about 50 days before the first killing frost.
 
Why is Green Manure Beneficial?

  1. Enhances soil fertility and soil structure by adding nitrogen and forming soil particles into aggregates
  2. Erosion protection from winter winds. Cover crop roots hold soil in place during snow melt periods and heavy storms.
  3. Weed suppression. Annual rye has allopathic properties that prevent weed seeds from germinating around the root zone.
  4. Insect reduction. Cover crops attract beneficial insects that will help control garden pests including aphids.

For more information visit Colorado State University Extension. http://www.ext.colostate.edu/mg/gardennotes/244.pdf
https://www.rodalesorganiclife.com/garden/cover-crop-basics

August 2018

Common Name: Broccoli- Raab Rapini
Native Range: Mediterranean & China
Type: Annual
Days to Maturity: 45 days
General Description: This broccoli relative is prized for its loose buds and tender, tasty leaves. An early first harvest will promote further branching resulting in a heavy secondary harvest.
Site Requirements:
• Light: Full sun to partial shade
• Water: Keep well watered
• Soil: Fertile
Seeding: Sow seeds directly in the garden as soon as the ground can be worked in the spring. Plant seeds ¼” deep and 6” apart. The seeds are quick to sprout (6-7 days). Broccoli raab is an ideal fall crop too. Plant the seeds again 10-12 weeks before the first frost when the plants can mature in temperatures below 75 degrees.
Harvest Time: To harvest remove the branches including the buds, stem and surrounding leaves just before they bloom. Harvest subsequent bud stems as they develop.

August 2018Ear of corn on the stalk.

Common Name: Country Gentleman Sweet Corn
Scientific Name: Zea mays var. rugosa
Native Range: The Americas
Type: Annual
Days to Maturity: 75-95
General Description: Country Gentleman is one of the best heirloom corn varieties. It is filled with sweet, delicious, white kernels on 8” cobs. This corn is a shoe-peg variety which means there are no rows, but instead the kernels are arranged in a zig-zag pattern.
Site Requirements:
• Light: Full sun
• Water: Moist
• Soil: Well- cultivated, rich soil
Seeding: Sow seeds directly in the garden in spring when all chance of frost has passed. To aid pollination, avoid planting in a single row. Keep well watered and fertilize when plants are 12-18” tall.
Harvest Time: Pick the ears when the silks turn brown. Pierce a kernel to check for milky juice.
Fun Facts:
• Corn is a cereal crop that is part of the grass family.
• With the exception of Antarctica, corn is produced on every continent in the world.
• An ear or cob of corn is actually part of the flower and an individual kernel is a seed.
• In the days of the early settlers to North America corn was so valuable that it was used as money and traded for other products such as meat and furs.
• Corn can be produced in various colors including blackish, bluish-gray, purple, green, red, white and the most common yellow.
• On average, an ear of corn has 800 kernels in 16 rows.
• Corn will always have an even number of rows on each cob.

Red, White & Blue Veggie Trio

 Common Names: Red Oak Leaf Lettuce, White Icicle Radish, Royal Purple Bean
 

Red Oak Leaf LettuceLeaves of Red Oak-Leaf Lettuce on a white plate.

Type: Annual
Days to Maturity: 45-55
General Description:
The beautiful, deep burgundy colored, oak-shaped leaves of this lettuce are delicious and quick to mature. When planting in late summer for a fall harvest give plants some protection from the hot afternoon sun and keep well watered.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun or light shade for late spring and summer plantings
  • Water: Moist
  • Soil: Rich in organic matter

Seeding:
Directly sow into rich, moist soil at a depth of ¼”. Seeds will germinate in 7-14 days.
Harvesting:
Pick the individual leaves at any time or harvest the entire plant.

 White Icicle RadishA row of White Icicle radishes with cropped tops.

Type: Annual
Days to Maturity: 28-30
General Description:
The white skin and flesh of the icicle radish is crisp and mild. The 5” long tapered, icicle-shaped roots can be grown in the ground or in containers.
Site Requirements:
Light: Full sun to part shade
Water: Consistent moisture
Soil: Loose, well amended
Seeding:
Sow directly into rich soil in the early spring. Continue sowing every two weeks except during hot weather.
Harvesting:
Begin harvesting when the radishes are young and roots are about ½” in diameter. This is when they are at their mildest and it will give more room for their neighbors to grow.

Royal Purple BeanPole beans growing up a trellis.

Type: Annual
Days to Maturity: 50-60
Site Requirements:
Light: Full sun
Water: Moderate
Soil: Loose and fertile
General Description:
These purple beans are a delight to find in the garden. Both the purple flowers and beans are a lovely contrast to the plants green foliage. Purple beans are great in a children’s garden because their beautiful color makes them easy to spot.
Seeding:
Sow seeds in a sunny location when all chance of frost has passed. Optimum soil temperature for germination is 70-90° F. Plant seeds 1” deep and 2” apart in loose, well-amended soil. Continue to sow seeds every two weeks until the end of July for a non- stop supply of beans summer into fall. Keep beans well watered, especially when they are in flower.
Harvesting:
Pick beans when they are tender and plump. Regular picking will ensure the plants keep producing. These beans are excellent for eating fresh, freezing or canning.  The bright purple pods do turn green once cooked.

Common Name: Firecracker Penstemon
Scientific Name: Penstemon eatonii
Native Range: Southwest U.S.
Hardiness Zone: 4-8
Type: Perennial
Bloom Time: Mid spring-early summer
General Description:
Firecracker Penstemon is hard to miss when in bloom.  Covered in vivid scarlet flowers on tall spikes in mid-spring this plant is perfect for the native, dry and/or rock garden.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Dry
  • Soil: Lean, well-drained, gravelly

Seeding:
Firecracker penstemon is an excellent choice for rock gardens and gravelly roadsides. The seed germinates best in cool season conditions found in spring or fall. For more detailed seeding information check out our website https://bbbseed.com/wildflower-grass-tips/.
Fun Facts:

  • Deer and rabbit resistant
  • Excellent companion plants include Catmint (Nepeta spp) and English Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia).
  • Hummingbirds and butterflies love the red tubular flowers.

Common Name: Hubbard Squash A collection of winter squash.
Scientific name: Cucurbita moschata
Native Range: North America
Days to Maturity: 105-115
General Description: These teardrop-shaped squash are on average 12”long and 10”wide with hard, bumpy, deep green skin. The flesh is yellow-orange and very flavorful. Hubbard squash are excellent keepers and can be stored for many months.
Companions: Beans, corn and squash (like Hubbard squash) grow well together.  The corn gives support to the beans while the squash helps shade the ground preventing weed growth. Other vegetable companions for squash include onion, radish, cucumber and carrot.  A good herb companion is borage. Borage planted next to or nearby squash helps to deter cabbage worms and squash beetles.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Consistent moisture **
  • Soil: Highly fertile, well-drained soil

Seeding: Squash seeds germinate best in warm soils, so wait to plant until your soil reaches a temperature of about 70 degrees F.  Unless, you are trying to grow a long- season variety in an area prone to early frosts there isn’t a need to start winter squash seeds indoors. Instead, direct seed in the ground ½-1” deep into hills or rows. Sow 4-5 seeds per hill, thinning to 2-3 plants per hill. Space hills 4’-8’ apart depending on the size of your variety. If you want to get a head start, seeds can be started indoors 3-4 weeks before transplanting outside. Seeds should germinate in less than a week with adequate soil temperatures and moisture. Mulching plants helps to retain moisture and suppress weeds.
Harvest Time: Harvest just before fall frost by cutting the squash from the vine. Leave a portion of the stem attached, otherwise, it won’t store well. The skin should be deep green and firm to the touch.
Fun Facts

  • Hubbard squash is an excellent source of fiber, vitamins A &C and beta-carotene.
  • “Squash” comes from the Narragansett Native American word askutasquash, which means “eaten raw or uncooked.”
  • The Hubbard squash was formally introduced to American gardens by James J. H. Gregory (1857) from Marblehead, Massachusetts.

Common Name: Yellow Crookneck SquashA Yellow squash blossom.
Scientific name: Cucurbita pepo
Native Range: North America
Days to Maturity: 42-60
General Description: A classic summer squash variety with yellow skin and a narrow curved neck. Best picked when 4-6” long and the skin is tender. This plant produces prolific yields.
Companions: Beans, corn and squash (like yellow crookneck) make excellent companions. In Native American gardens, these “three sisters” were always planted together, eaten together and celebrated together. Other good companions include basil, nasturtiums, onions and radish.
 
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Consistent moisture **
  • Soil: Highly fertile, well-drained soil

Seeding: Don’t be in a rush to plant your squash. Squash seeds will not germinate in cold soil! Wait to plant until soil temperatures reach at least 70 degrees or about two weeks after your last frost date. Squash plants are space hogs so make sure to leave them plenty of room to grow. Direct seed ½-1” deep into hills or rows. Sow 4-5 seeds per hill, thinning to 2-3 plants per hill. Space hills 3-4’ apart. In rows, sow seeds 4”apart in rows 4-5’ apart. Thin to one plant every 12-24”. If you want to get a head start, seeds can be started indoors 3-4 weeks before transplanting outside.  Seeds should germinate in less than a week with adequate soil temperatures and moisture.
Harvest Time: Pick the fruits when 4-6” long when they are most tender and taste their best. Keep squash picked regularly to ensure a continual harvest until the end of summer.
Fun Facts:

  • Seeds can be saved for 6 years.
  • Stuffed squash blossoms are a delicious treat.
  • Squash is a great source of vitamins and minerals.

Common Name: Boston Pickling Cucumber
Scientific Name: Cucumis sativus
Native Range: Probably originated in India before spreading to Africa and SE Asia.
Hardiness Zone: Grown as an annual
Days to Maturity: 50-60 days
General Description: Boston Pickling cucumbers bear small, blocky fruits with firm flesh and tender skin that are ideal for making all types of pickles. This long-standing variety, first available in the 1800’s is also great used as a slicing cucumber when allowed to reach full size. This warm-weather vegetable is an easy, vigorous grower.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Consistent
  • Soil: Well-drained, fertile

Seeding:
Cucumber seeds can be sown directly in the garden once the days and soil are warm ,70 degrees or above.  Plant 6-8 seeds in a cluster about ½-1” deep.  Seeds will germinate in 7-14 days.  For areas with a shorter growing season, seeds can be started indoors 4-6 weeks earlier.

Bloom Time:
Most cucumber plants produce both male and female flowers.
How to care:
Cucumbers require rich, well-drained soil, consistent moisture and proper spacing to help reduce stress on plants and avoidance of common cucumber diseases like scab and mosaic.
Harvest Time:
Pick these cucumbers when they are about 4” long and the texture is firm.  Pick often so the plants will keep producing.
Fun Facts:

  • The cucumber is believed native to India and has been cultivated in western Asia for 3,000 years.
  • Cucumbers are the 4th most cultivated vegetable in the world.

Common Name: Golden Detroit Beet
Scientific Name: Beta vulgaris
Native Range: Europe and Asia
Hardiness Zone: Grow as annuals
Days to Maturity: 50-60 days

General Description: Golden Detroit Beets are large, orange, round heirloom beets that are so sweet and turn deep yellow when cooked. Young beet ‘greens’ can be used in salads and cooked when mature. Beets are easy to grow, tolerate low fertility and prefer cool conditions to develop the sweetest flavor.
Beets add minerals to the soil and their leaves are composed of magnesium that is an excellent addition to your compost pile. Plant your beets with lettuce, onions and brassicas (mustard family). Planting garlic and mint with your beets will improve the growth and flavor.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Consistent moisture
  • Soil: Average to low fertility

Seeding:
Beets are a cool season vegetable, germinating best at temperatures between 55-80 degrees F.  Plant seeds in early spring and again every 3 weeks until early June. Plant again in August for a fall crop.  Beets can also be started indoors in February then transplanted into the garden.
Sow seeds ½” deep directly into the garden or in a container in full sun.  Germination takes between 10 to 20 days.  When seedlings are 4-5” tall thin to 1-2” apart to prevent overcrowding.  Cut the seedlings instead of pulling so you do not disturb the developing roots.  Use these tender thinings in salads.
Harvest Time:
Beets are ready to harvest when the exposed root tops are 2” across. Pull up individual plants as needed. Leaving about an inch or two of stem attached to the root will help keep the golden color of the root when boiling.
How to care:
The secret to tender, juicy beets is consistent moisture and fertilization and keeping them well weeded.
Fun Facts:
Since the 16th century, beet juice has been used as a natural red dye. In 19th century England the Victorians used beets to dye their hair.
In 1975, during the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, cosmonauts from the USSR’s Soyuz 19 welcomed the Apollo 18 astronauts by preparing a banquet of borscht (beet soup) in zero gravity.

April 2018

Common Name: Green Arrow PeaPea, Green Arrow
Scientific Name: Pisum sativum
Native Range: Cultivated by Neolithic farmers in the Near East at least 8,000 years ago.
Days to Maturity: 68
General Description: This old-time English garden pea has been a cool weather favorite for generations. The small and tender immature pods are great for eating fresh, unshelled or cooked. The plentiful pods are bursting with 8-11 peas when mature and great for shelling.
Companions: Peas fix nitrogen in the soil which helps them to form a close friendship with corn. You can also plant your peas with bush beans, pole beans, carrots, celery, chicory, cucumber, eggplant, parsley, early potato, radish, spinach, strawberry, sweet pepper, tomatoes and turnips. Keep your peas away from chives, grapes, late potatoes and onions.
 
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Consistent moisture **Avoid heavy watering when flowering. This can interfere with pollination.
  • Soil: Fertile, well-drained soil

Seeding: Sow seeds directly into the soil as soon as soil can be worked in early spring (late March). Replant seeds at 3 week intervals until mid-May. Provide support for the vines when they are 6 inches tall.
Harvest Time: Pick pods while they are small and eat fresh from the garden. Allow pods to fill out fully for shelling. Pick continuously for better production.
Fun Facts:

  • Good source of protein and fiber.
  • Seeds can be saved for 3 years.

April 2018

Packet picture for Contender Bean
Common Name: Organic Contender Bean
Scientific Name: Phaseolus vulgaris
Days to Maturity: 40-55
General Description: Contender Beans are garden staples and old-time favorites. Great for kids’ gardens and known to be one of the first varieties to begin producing.  Early harvest begins only 40 days after planting.  A heavy producer of 6-8″stringless, meaty pods on sturdy, bush-type plants.  Excellent for freezing and canning or fresh right out of the garden.
Companions: Plant beans with carrots, celery, chards, corn, eggplant, peas, potatoes, brassica (mustard family), beets, radishes, strawberries and cucumbers.  Keep your beans away from alliums.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Consistent moisture
  • Soil: Well-drained soil

Seeding: Sow seeds directly in the garden, beans do not like to be transplanted.  Place seeds in a sunny location 1 inch deep when danger of frost has past. If planting in containers, place 1-2 seeds per container. Keep soil moist until germination (3-7 days) and water regularly.
Harvest Time: Pick regularly when pods are plump and snap when bent.
Fun Facts:

  • Heirloom Beans enrich the soil with nitrogen for heavy nitrogen users like corn and grains.
  • Seeds can be saved for 4 years.

MARCH 2018

Common Name: Organic French Breakfast Radish
Scientific NameRaphanus sativus, Radiculata
Native Range: Mediterranean Region
Days to Maturity: 20-30
General Description:
The French Breakfast radish is an early heirloom radish that has been grown since the 1880’s. The beautiful rose-scarlet roots are oblong with a blunt white tip, 2″ long, 3/4 ” diameter and a small tender taproot. The crisp white flesh has a distinct mildly pungent flavor. This is a top quality old-fashioned favorite.
Companions:
Radishes like to be planted with beets, bush beans, pole beans, carrots, chervil, cucumbers, lettuce, melon, nasturtium, parsnip, peas, spinach and any members of the squash family.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun in spring and fall. Partial shade in summer.
  • Water: Consistent moisture
  • Soil: Well-drained soil high in organic matter, free from stones

Seeding:
Directly sow seeds into rich soil in full sun as soon as the ground can be worked in the spring. Plant at a depth of ¼ to ½ an inch. Germination should occur in 4-10 days. For summer plantings sow seed in light shade areas. Re-seed every two weeks for continuous harvest.

Harvest Time:
Pull individual roots when young and mild. Start harvesting when the roots are about ½ an inch wide. It is recommended to pull one at a time, to check size. If they appear to be small, pull every other one to give others room to grow.
Fun Facts:

  • Radishes should not be planted with hyssop, cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts and turnips.

MARCH 2018

Common Name: Organic Lacinato Kale
Scientific NameBrassica oleracea var. acephala
Native Range: Europe
Days to Maturity: 25-50 days
General Description: Lacinato Kale is an ancient Italian heirloom with large, meaty leaves that become even sweeter with the first frosts. Blue-green leaves make a striking addition to an edible landscape. Use the young leaves for salads and the mature leaves sautéed or steamed
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun in spring and fall. Light shade during heat of summer.
  • Water: Plentiful, consistent moisture
  • Soil: Well-drained soil with high organic matter

Seeding:
In the early spring directly sow the seed at a depth of ¼ to ½ an inch. During germination period (4-7 days) water consistently. Provide light shade for the late spring and summer plantings.  Re-seed in late summer for a fall crop.

Harvest Time:
Pick individual outer leaves once they reach 3 inches. Alternatively you can cut the entire plant from the base.
Fun Facts:

  • Seeds can remain viable for up to 5 years.
  • Excellent source of vitamin K
  • Kale was one of the most common green vegetables in Europe until the Middle Ages and was encouraged to be grown in the UK during World War II to supplement diets during food rationing.

FEBRUARY 2018

Common Name: Organic Rainbow Swiss Chard
Front of the Rainbow Swiss Chard seed packet.
Scientific NameBeta vulgaris subsp. cicla
Native Range: Eastern Mediterranean
Days to Maturity: 55-60
General Description: Rainbow Swiss chard is a great blend of heirloom varieties. Greens tend to be glossy and are thick and tender. The flavor is full and slightly salty with the typical bitter bite of this type of cooking greens, similar to spinach. Vibrant leaf and stem colors make for a great addition to any dish. Chard is an easy-to-grow, attractive plant that also grows well in containers and garden borders. Plant will typically reach a maximum height of 3 feet.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun in early and late season. During the heat of summer, prefers part shade.
  • Water: Consistent moisture, especially as they become established
  • Soil: Loose, fertile soil with high organic matter

Seeding:

In cold climates, start seeds indoors 2-3 weeks before last frost date. Otherwise, sow seeds in the spring as soon as soil can be worked (soil temperature at least 45°F). Plant seeds ½ an inch deep and 2 inches apart. Seeds will germinate within 7- 10 days. Similar to beets, Swiss chard seeds will produce more than one plant, so thinning will be required. Thin to 8-12 inch spacing. For continuous production, re-seed every 2-3 weeks. It is recommended to use a row cover during heat to extend production.
Harvest Time:
For best flavor, pick individual leaves which the reach at 3-6 inches long. Harvest leaves from the outside inward. Older leaves tend to get tough.  Alternatively, you can harvest the entire plant by cutting the stems an inch or two above the soil.
Fun Facts:

  • Seeds remain viable for up to 4 years
  • Tolerates light frost and salt
  • Chard is a good substitute for spinach in most recipes
  • Perfect for an edible landscape or ornamental plantings

FEBRUARY 2018

Wild Arugula
Common Name: Organic Wild Arugula
Scientific NameEruca vesicaria 
Native Range: Mediterranean Region
Days to Maturity: 30
General Description: Arugula is an easy-to-grow, aromatic salad green, with slightly more peppery/nutty flavor than the cultivated variety and is rich in nutrients. The deeply lobed leaves provide variety in salads and great flavor to sandwiches. Arugula is a great variety for container gardens and winter microgreens. This fast-growing cool-season green is often ready to harvest in 4 weeks!
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun to part shade
  • Water: Even moisture (this will help slow bolting)
  • Soil: Rich soil, tolerates low fertility

Seeding:
In the spring, direct seed into soil as soon as it can be worked. Sow seeds 3-4 weeks before last frost date. Seeds can germinate at temperatures as low as 40°F. Plant 1/8 an inch deep and 1 inch apart. Water regularly during germination period (5-7 days). Re-seed every 20 days until mid-summer for continuous production. During the heat of summer, seed areas that have partial shade for best flavor.
Harvest Time:
Pick individual leaves when 3-6 inches long. For best flavor, be sure to harvest before the plant flowers.
Fun Facts:

  • Seeds can remain viable for up to 5 years
  • A popular salad plant in the Roman times

January 2018

Common Name: Yellow Window Box Cherry TomatoPicture of Yellow Cherry Window box tomato seed packet.
Scientific Name: Lycopersicon esculentum
Days to Maturity: 75
General Description: Perfect for patio containers, this compact bush tomato reaches a height of only 12 inches. Produces an abundance of flavorful, bright-yellow cherry tomatoes.  Plant this tomato in pots or as a border plant. They are ideal for colorful, attractive hanging baskets and containers.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun. Tomatoes need at least 8 hours of direct sunlight
  • Water: Regular moisture at ground level
  • Soil: Well-drained & HIGH organic matter

Seeding: Sow seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost in the spring for the earliest harvest, maintaining a soil temperature of 75°F. Shift hardened seedlings to the garden shortly after the last frost. Fertilize the plants when they are 6″ tall and again in mid-summer.
Companions: Tomatoes grow well with asparagus, basil, beans, carrots, celery, chives, cucumber, garlic, head lettuce, marigold, mint, nasturtium, onion, parsley, peas, peppers and marigold. Basil will repel flies and mosquitoes from your tomato plants while also improving the growth and flavor. Beebalm, chives and mint will improve the health and flavor of your tomatoes. Keep potatoes, fennel, dill, cabbage and cauliflower away from your tomato plants.
Harvest Time: Cherry tomatoes are prolific produces all season long. Pick the fruit carefully when they are full-colored and firm but before they begin to soften.
Fun Facts:

  • Tomato seeds will maintain viability for 4-10 years if kept in a dark, cool, dry place.

January 2018

Common Name: Yellow Bush Scallop Summer SquashPicture of a packet of Yellow Bush Scallop Squash seeds.
Scientific Name: Cucurbita pepo
Native Range: North America
Days to Maturity: 75
General Description: This bush scallop is an open-pollinated heirloom patty pan type squash with scalloped edges and a compact growth habit. This is a Native American squash that produces abundant, rich flavor squash throughout the summer. An easy-to-grow patty pan squash ready in 75 days. With compact bush growth this is an excellent variety for small spaces and container plantings.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Plentiful, consistent moisture
  • Soil: Well-drained, fertile soil

Seeding: In some areas with shorter growing seasons, start indoors one month before the last expected frost date, planting two seeds into individual peat pots.  Keep the stronger seedling in each pot and transplant outdoors, after hardening off, one week after the last frost date or when the soil temperature reaches 65°-70° F.  Water regularly at ground level and fertilize when 6 inches tall.  Mulching under plants will keep squash off of the soil.
Harvest Time: The yellow bush scallop will produce abundantly throughout the summer. For best flavor harvest when 2-3 inches in diameter. Use cutting shears to remove fruit from the vine.
Fun Facts:

  • Resistant to powdery mildew
  • Squash seed can remain viable for up to 6 years if stored in a cool dry location.

December 2017

Common Name: English LavenderFront of the tag for the English Lavender packet.
Scientific Name: Lavandula angustifolia
Native Range: Mediterranean Region
Hardiness Zone: 7-9
General Description: English lavender is an evergreen perennial with beautiful purple spikes of flowers and subtle gray-green foliage of linear, downy leaves and sweet fragrance. The leaves first open white, then turn a pale gray-green color. Stalks of tiny purple flowers grow up to 14 inches tall. Trim back in spring to encourage bushier growth; also deadhead after flowering. This is a shrub that can be trimmed in a formal garden or used naturally in a rock garden, do not prune all the way to the base. In Southern climates, lavender grows best in pots where there can be better drainage and air circulation. Fresh flowers may be used in sauces, marinades, and desserts. Handle fragile dried blossoms with care and use them in teas, salts, potpourri, and crafts.

Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Once established low moisture, drought tolerant
  • Soil: Well-drained alkaline soils

Seeding: Sow seeds in late spring or early summer. Start indoors 6-8 weeks before last frost.  Plant outdoors 18-24″ apart in full sun once soil temperatures have warmed. Germination can be slow, roughly 15 to 45 days. Plants should be thinned to 24-36 inches apart with rows 30 to 36 inches apart.
Bloom Time: Early summer through late summer
Fun Facts:

  • Loved by bees and butterflies
  • All parts of the plant are fragrant including the seeds!
  • Deer resistant

November 2017

Common Name: California poppy
Scientific Name: Eschscholzia californica
Native Range: Pacific slope of North America
Hardiness Zone: 6a – 10b
Tender Perennial Species
General Description: An extremely drought tolerant annual that will re-seed easily or a perennial in mild climates.  These beautiful 2-3″ funnel-shaped, golden-orange flowers are found on sandy slopes and grasslands throughout California and Oregon and the southwestern states.  The state flower of California is great for wildflower gardens, roadsides or slopes or in meadow mixes.  Occasionally colors vary from satiny cream to yellow or orange with finely textured, silver-green foliage.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Dry to moist. Tolerates drought conditions.
  • Soil: Well-drained soil with high fertility.

Seeding: The California poppy should be directly seeded into the garden. It does not transplant well. Scatter seeds in early spring and again in mid-summer to have a continual bloom throughout the growing season. For fall planting, wait until nighttime temperatures are consistently freezing (Dec/Jan). Scatter seeds on bare soil, gently tamp seeds down and water once after seeding. Seeds will lie dormant through the winter and germinate in spring
Bloom Time: April to August

Pollinators: The California poppy is most attractive to bumble bees, honey bees, sweat bees and mining bees. Other visitors include butterflies and beetles.

November 2017

Common Name: Mixed Shirley PoppyMixed Shirley Poppy
Scientific Name: Papaver rhoeas
Native Range: Europe
Hardiness Zone: 4-10
Annual Species
General Description: This delightfully colorful species derived from the European, wild, Flander’s Poppy is easy to grow and will thrive in most areas of the country.  Shirley poppies will brighten any wildflower meadow and can make excellent cut flowers if the cut stem is first singed.  The mixed colors of red, pink, white and salmon flowers have single and double petal forms with compact basil foliage.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Dry to moist. Tolerates drought conditions.
  • Soil: Well-drained soil.

Seeding: The mixed Shirley poppy should be directly seeded into the garden. Scatter seeds in early spring and again every two weeks for color all summer. For fall planting, wait until nighttime temperatures are consistently freezing (Dec/Jan). Scatter seeds on bare soil, gently tamp seeds down and water once after seeding. Seeds will lie dormant through the winter and germinate in the spring

Bloom Time: Late spring – summer
Photo Credit: Sharon & Gary Quinn Monument, CO (7,300 ft)

October 2017

Common Name: Low Maintenance Grass Seed MixLabel from the Low Mantenance Grass Seed Mix
Species Included (7): Chewing Fescue, Sheep Fescue, Creeping Red Fescue, Canada Bluegrass, Hard Fescue, Kentucky Bluegrass, Perennial Ryegrass
General Description: This low growing grass mixture is dark green, shade and drought tolerant with low water requirements. Intended for areas that require low maintenance, such as transition areas in backyard lawns, parks, ditch banks, road cuts, or golf course roughs.  Mature height is 6-12″ and the color stays green through late fall.  This can be mowed twice a year, if desired, at 4-6″.  It is an excellent mixture to combine with wildflowers for a meadow effect.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun to shade
  • Water: Consistent moisture until established. Tolerates drought conditions thereafter.
  • Soil: Well-drained

Site Preparation:  Ensure adequate drainage of your site.  Cultivate 4-6 inches of the topsoil. Incorporation of a starter fertilizer will help provide proper nutrients for early growth. Keep seed bed firm, not fluffy.
Seeding:  Using a drop spreader or a broadcast spreader, spread half the seed lengthwise over your site, then the other half crosswise over your site.
Seeding rate: 2-3 lbs per 1,000 sq. ft.
Over-seeding: To mend an established lawn, mow very closely and rake deeply.  Spread 1/2″ to 3/4″ of sand or topsoil over the area. Over seed up to 5 lbs per 1,000 sq. ft.  Spring or fall are excellent times for over seeding.

September 2017

Common Name: White Dutch Clover
Scientific Name: Trifolium repens
Native Range: Europe
Hardiness Zone: 3-9
General Description: White Dutch Clover is a cool-season perennial legume that is used, as a ground cover, cover crop, erosion control, and in pasture mixtures. Many homeowners use white dutch clover in their lawn seed mix as it is quick to sprout and provides soil stabilization and nutrients for the lawn grasses. It has a creeping growth habit and spreads with rhizomes or “runners” and usually matures between 6 – 8 inches tall. Grows best in moist, well-drained, fertile soils, however will tolerate clay soils.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun to partial shade
  • Water: Average, consistent moisture
  • Soil: Fertile, well drained soil

Seeding: Seed at a rate of 1/4 – 1/2 lb per 1,000 sq ft. or 8-10 lbs per acre. Seed during the cool seasons of your area; spring or late summer.

Bloom Time: Spring- Early Summer. White flowers.
Benefits of planting clover:

  • Widely adapted to various soil conditions. Light flooding, periods of drought and clay soils
  • Once established, tolerates heavy foot traffic.
  • Builds soil health. Fixes nitrogen into the soil. Nitrogen plays critical roles in plants (i.e. photosynthesis and protein production)
  • Prized by the bees! Bees seek both nectar and pollen from clovers.

For more information visit Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education

September 2017

Common Name: Green Manure Cover Crop Mixture
Contains: Austrian Winter Peas, Winter Hairy Vetch, Common Vetch, Oats and Winter Rye

General Description: This mix is a late season, winter cover crop and will provide vigorous late-season growth to loosen the soil and improve drainage. It provides winter erosion control, adds vital nitrogen, nutrients and organic matter to enrich and build the soil and control weeds. The vetches are excellent pollinator plants, attracting honeybees and beneficial predatory wasps. The winter rye and oats will grow over the winter even when the temperatures are barely above freezing and form a thick tangle of roots and tough stalks that add fibrous organic matter to the soil. The vetches and Austrian Peas are winter hardy and prolific nitrogen producers, so you’ll need less fertilizer come spring. This ‘green manure’ can be mowed or incorporated after flowering, before seed production if you don’t want volunteers sprouting up next season.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Average moisture
  • Soil: Well-drained soils of various quality

Seeding: Plant in orchards, vineyards, or in rotation with vegetable and field crops from mid-September to October to get established before freezing temperatures arrive.  Sow the Green Manure Cover Crop Mixture at a rate of about 1 pound per 500 sq feet, about 50 days before the first killing frost.
 
Why is Green Manure Beneficial?

  1. Enhances soil fertility and soil structure by adding nitrogen and forming soil particles into aggregates
  2. Erosion protection from winter winds. Cover crop roots hold soil in place during snowmelt periods and heavy storms.
  3. Weed suppression. Annual rye has allopathic properties that prevent weed seeds from germinating around the root zone.
  4. Insect reduction. Cover crops attract beneficial insects that will help control garden pests including aphids.

For more information visit Colorado State University Extension.Generic graphic for Green Manure Mix.

August 2017

Common Name: Red Russian Kale – Organic
Scientific Name: Brassica oleracea var. acephala
Native Range: Europe & Mediterranean region
Days to Maturity: 25-50
General Description: Red Russian kale is a tender and colorful leafy green. This plant can reach a height of 1-3 feet. With blue green leaves with reddish purple veins, red Russian kale is a perfect addition to salads or sautéed in stir fries. When the cold weather arrives, kale will tolerate frost, color will deepen and flavor will be improved. This is an excellent variety to plant for fall harvests. Nutritious, fast-growing and cold hardy.
Site Requirements:Organic Red Russian Kale seed packet

  • Light: Partial to full sun
  • Water: Consistent moisture
  • Soil: Well-drained, fertile soil

Seeding:
For summer harvest, direct sow seeds in early spring. As summer approaches, provide light shade to protect against the strong summer sun. For fall harvest, direct sow seeds in mid-late summer. Plant seeds ¼ to ½ an inch deep. After two weeks thin seedling to 12-14 inches apart.
Harvesting:

To harvest kale leaves start from the outside of the plant and pitch off from the base. Leaves should be at least 6-8 inches.
Fun Facts:

  • Kale arrived in the US during the 17th century
  • Seeds can be saved for up to 4 years
  • Love kale? Check out Eat More Kale for fun kale apparel, stickers and recipes

August 2017

Common Name: Bloomsdale Spinach – Organic
Scientific Name: Spinacia oleracea
Native Range: First cultivated in Afghanistan or Tajikistan
Days to Maturity: 45-55
General Description: Very few leafy greens top heirloom spinach for easy-to-grow productivity and nutrition. This fast-growing variety produces thick, oversized leaves with a superb flavor. Plants resist tip burn and downy mildew. This variety thrives in cool weather and is a great variety for container growing. During the summer consider providing additionally shade cover. This will prevent bolting during long, hot summer days.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Partial to full sun
  • Water: Frequent, consistent moisture
  • Soil: Well-drained, fertile soil. Avoid acidic soils

Seeding:
Direct sow seeds in the spring once the soil is warm enough to be worked. Plant seeds ½ an inch deep and 1 inch apart. For continued harvest throughout the season, re-seed every two weeks. For fall harvests, sow seeds in late summer.
Harvest Time:
Carefully cut outer leaves when they are between 4-6 inches long. Be sure to leave the center stem so the plant can continue to grow.
Fun Facts:Picture of a packet of Organic Bloomsdale Spinach seeds.

  • Peas and beans will provide your spinach with natural shade when planted together.
  • Spinach gets along well with cabbage, cauliflower, celery, eggplant, onions and strawberries.
  • Seeds can be saved for up to 2 years

July 2017

Common Name: Dwarf Evening PrimroseTag for Dwarf Evening Primrose packet
Scientific Name: Oenothera missouriensis
Native Range: Southern / Central United States
Hardiness Zone: 4 to 10
General Description: Commonly known as Missouri evening primrose will produce large, showy yellow flowers. As the name suggests, blooms will open in late afternoon and last until the following morning. This is a long-lived perennial that makes a great ground cover around shrubs or in rock gardens. The plant typically grows 6-12 inches tall.
Site Requirements:

    • Light: Partial sun to full sun
    • Water: Low moisture
    • Soil: Wide range of soil conditions: clay, dry or rocky soils

Seeding: Start seeds indoors 8 weeks before last frost date for early summer blooms. For direct sowing in the garden plant seeds in the fall or early spring. Spread seeds on the top of soil and press into the soil for good seed to soil contact. If planted in spring, keep seeds moist during the germination period.
Bloom Time: May through August
Fun Facts:

  • Fragrant, showy flowers are loved by moths
  • Drought tolerant
  • Seed pods are beautiful! Color is spotted red/pink

July 2017

Common Name: Jack O ‘Lantern PumpkinJack O'Lantern Pumpkin
Scientific Name: Cucurbita maxima
Native Range: Central America
Hardiness Zone: 2-11
Days to Maturity: 100-110
General Description: The Jack O’ Lantern variety is a perfect pumpkin for carving and cooking. Each fruit averages 20 pounds. The skin is deep rich orange making them perfect for Halloween festivities. The shape is a slightly flattened sphere which helps the fruit stay upright. The flesh is richly flavored, ideal for pies and breads. Seeds can be roasted for a nutritious snack.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Consistent moisture
  • Soil: Fertile, well-drained soil

Seeding: Directly sow seeds into hills after last chance of frost. Seeds should be planted 1 inch deep. Plant 4-6 seeds per hill then thin to 2 plants per hill. Seeds will begin to germinate after 10-14 days. When fruits begin to appear, lay straw, hay or mulch around the base of the plant and under fruit. This will reduce the chance of disease.
Harvest Time:
In late September / early October pumpkins will become ready for harvest. Fruit should be firm. For harvesting, cut pumpkin from the vine leaving 3 inches of stem attached.
Fun Facts:

  • Pumpkins are an easily propagated by seed.
  • Pumpkins are very sensitive to frost and thrive in warm soil conditions.
  • Powdery mildew is a common disease. Avoid watering the foliage and water directly at the base of the plant. Give plants plenty of space to allow air circulation.

June 2017

Common Name: Red Kuri Winter Squash
Scientific Name: Cucurbita maxima
Native Range: Japan
Days to Maturity: 90-95
General Description: Red Kuri is a Japanese winter squash that produces teardrop-shaped fruits roughly 12” long and 10” wide. With rich, buttery flesh and chestnut-like flavor this variety can make a great addition to pies or many baked goods. When grown organically, the stunning bright orange rind can be eaten. Each plant will produce 2-3 fruits weighing between 3-5 pounds.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Average moisture
  • Soil: Well-drained fertile soil

Seeding: Direct seed when the soil reaches 70°F. Sow in groups or hills of 3-5 seeds. Plant seeds 2-2.5 cm deep. Seeds will begin to germinate in 5-10 days. Thin to the 2 strongest plants per hill. As fruits start to develop, place mulch or straw under the squash to keep them off the soil.
Harvest Time: Fruits will begin to mature in late summer into early fall. When fruit is full size, the rind should be hard and have a rich orange color. Harvest by cutting 2 inches above the squash, stem should be attached. The long stem will prevent fruit from rotting quickly.
Fun Facts:

  • Drought tolerant
  • Reliable yields in cold climates with short growing season
  • Red Kuri Sqaush can be stored in a dry, cool space for 3-6 months

June 2017

Common Name: Lemon Queen Sunflower
Scientific Name: Helianthus annuus
Native Range: United States
Hardiness Zone: 3-10
Type: Annual
Bloom Time: July/August, 6-8 weeks of blooms
General Description:
The Lemon Queen Sunflower can reach a height of 5-7 feet. Petals are pale lemon-yellow with dark brown centers. Butterflies and bees adore sunflower nectar! Plant along borders or in mass plantings to attract pollinators. To increase blooms, keep up with deadheaded spent flowers. Towards the end of the season, allow the last batch of blooms to go to seed. This will be a great food source for backyard birds.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Regular moisture
  • Soil: Wide range of soil conditions

Seeding:
Direct sow seeds in the garden when soil has warmed to 70°F. Plant seeds ½-1” deep and 6” apart. Seeds will begin to germinate in 7-10 days. When planting sunflower seeds a common problem is predation by birds. To reduce predation, cover seeds with straw, hay or fine netting.
Fun Facts:Lemon Queen Sunflower

  • Sunflowers were named for their habitat of facing the sun throughout the day
  • A perfect cut flower
  • Native Americans cultivated sunflowers over 1,000 years ago
  • Thrives in well-drained dry soils

June 2017

Common Name: Mexican Sunflower
Scientific Name: Tithonia rotundafolia
Native Range: Mexico & Central America
Hardiness Zone: 2-11
Type: Annual
Bloom Time: July to Sept.
General Description: The Mexican Sunflower is a tall, heat-loving beauty that is a must for any butterfly garden. This variety is easy to start from seed and brings vibrant orange blooms starting in July.  Mature plants will reach a height of 4-6 feet, spreading 2-3 feet.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full Sun / partial shade
  • Water: Dry to medium moisture
  • Soil: Well-drainedTag for Mexican Sunflower packet

Seeding:
For early blooms, start seeds indoors 4-8 weeks before last frost date. Transplant in the garden after last chance of frost, planting 2 feet apart. For direct sow, seed in mid-spring. Regularly deadhead spent flowers throughout the season to prolong bloom time.
Fun Facts:

  • A monarch butterfly favorite! You can often see swarms around Mexican Sunflowers during migration period
  • Attracts: butterflies, bees and hummingbirds
  • Low maintenance care

May 2017

Common Name: Lemon Basil
Scientific Name: Ocimum basilicum
Native Range: India
Days to Maturity: 80-90 days
General Description:
Lemon basil is a heat-loving heirloom herb. Intense, citrus flavor makes a great addition to many cuisines. A great variety for container planting. Lemon basil will reach a height of 12-24 inches. Basil is very susceptible to frost and cold-weather injury. Consider drying leaves or making pesto!
Site Requirements:HERB, Organic Basil, Lemon

  • Light: Full sun / part shade
  • Water: Average moisture
  • Soil: Well-drained, fertile soil

Seeding:
Start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before last frost date. Sow seeds and lightly cover with a thin layer of sand. Be careful, seeds are small so they do not need to be buried.
Seeds can also be sown directly in the garden once the soil is warm enough (60-70°F).
In mid-May, transplant into the garden once danger of frost has passed. Space plants 10 inches apart. Be sure to give them plenty of room for good air circulation.
Bloom Time: Mid-Summer. Lemon basil will produce white flowers.
Harvest Time:
Leaves can be harvested once the plant has produced at least six sets of leaves around the stem. Harvest by pinching off leaves. It is recommended to harvest no more than 20% of leaves. Harvest regularly to encourage growth and flavor.
Fun Facts:

  • When mass planted, basil is very attractive to many pollinators. If allowed to bloom, bumble bees, sweat bees, honey bees, syrphid flies and tiny beneficial wasps will be frequent visitors.
  • The picture below shows a metallic green sweat bee foraging on lemon basil flowers.Green bee on stalk of mint

May 2017

Common Name: Borage
Scientific Name: Borago officinalis
Native Range: Mediterranean region
Hardiness Zone: 2 to 11
General Description: Borage is easy to grow annual that readily self-seeds. Blue, star-shaped flowers make for a showy display in the garden. Stems and leaves are covered with bristly hairs. Both flowers and leaves are edible, with a mild cucumber taste. The mature plant will reach a height of 1-3 feet. This bushy plant will tolerate drought conditions and tends to be avoided by deer. Plant borage around your tomato plants to repel pests such as hornworms.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun / part shade
  • Water: Dry to light moisture
  • Soil: Well-drained, tolerant poor soils

Seeding:
In the spring, sow seeds outdoors a week – two weeks before last frost date. Plant seeds ¼ – ½ an inch deep and 24 inches apart. Be sure to cover seeds well as they need darkness to germinate.
It is not recommended to start indoors and transplant. Borage does not like to be moved.
Bloom Time: June- August
Fun Facts:Photo of Borage wildflower packet.

  • Attracts LOTS of honey bees and bumble bees
  • Borage honey is a light amber to white color with a distinctly sweet taste
  • As flowers age, blue color turns pinkish white

April 2017

Common Name: Aunt Ruby’s German Green Tomato ORGANIC
Scientific name: Lycopersicon esculentum (Solanaceae Family)
Native Range: North America
Days to Maturity: 85 days
General Description: This is an heirloom beefsteak variety with an indeterminate habit.  The fruit ripens to a pale green with a hint of yellow and a pink blush that runs to the interior.  These 5″ diameter tomatoes have a juicy, slightly spicy, fruity flavor. One of the largest green beefsteak varieties. Be sure to rotate planting location every three years. Tomatoes are heavy feeders and need LOTS of nutrients to produce fruit.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full Sun
  • Water: Consistent moisture
  • Soil: Fertile, rich soil, high in nutrients

Seeding: Start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before last frost date for your area. Begin by sowing seeds in one container. Cover seeds with soil; they will germinate better in the dark. When seedlings reach 2 inches, transplant into individual pots. When transplanting, set the seedling deep into the soil. Depth will encourage more root formation. Once you are ready to plant in the garden, harden off your seedlings by setting them outside after last chance of frost.
Once established in the garden, they will need staking or additional support due to the weight of fruit. Water regularly at ground level and fertilize once plants are 6 inches tall. Fertilize a second time in mid-summer.
Harvest Time: Pick fruit carefully when they have turned pale yellow-green. Tomatoes should be firm when picked. They will soften after harvest.
Fun Facts:Tomato, Organic Aunt Ruby's German Green

  • Open-pollinated
  • Indeterminate varieties will continue to grow, produce flowers and fruit all season until killed by frost.

April 2017

Common Name: Sweet Chocolate Pepper ORGANIC
Scientific Name: Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae Family)
Native Range: Tropical America
Days to Maturity: 58-86 days
General Description: These sweet, medium-sized, tomato-shaped peppers are great for northern gardens.  Chocolate-red, three or four-lobed fruits are early to mature.  Fruits ripen from green to deep chocolate with dark red interiors. Great for all purposes!
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full Sun
  • Water: Consistent moisture
  • Soil: Well-drained, fertile soil

Seeding: Start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before last frost date of your area.  Sow seeds in one pot and cover lightly with soil. For better germination provide bottom heat using a heat mat. Peppers will germinate better at 80°-85° F. Transplant seedlings into individual pots and harden them off a week or two before the last frost. Space plants 12-15 inches apart in the garden. Water regularly and fertilize when plants reach 6 inches tall.
Harvest Time: Carefully remove peppers from the plant when they reach full size (3-4 inches). Fruit should be ready by early-mid season. Sweet Chocolate Peppers are good to eat at any time but become sweeter when they remain on the plant until they are dark brown.
Fun Facts:Pepper, Organic Sweet Chocolate

  • Rare seeds!
  • Abundant phosphorus and calcium is needed for the best harvest.

March 2017


Common Name: Sugar Ann Snap Pea
Scientific Name: Pisum sativum var. sativum

Native Range
: Central Asia and Middle East
Hardiness Zone: 3-11
Days to Maturity: 52-75
General Description: A cool season crop, great for small gardens! Extra sweet pods arrive about 14 days earlier than other Sugar Snap varieties. Bushy vines will reach 24-30” tall and do not need support. Edible pods are medium green 2.5-3” with about 7 peas. Enjoy fresh from the garden or steam and add to a stir fry.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun – part shade
  • Water: Moderate moisturePea, Sugar Ann
  • Soil: Loamy, well-drained

Seeding: Directly sow into garden soil as soon as soil can be worked (late March- early April).  Peas will have better germination in warmer soils (60°F or warmer).  Sow seeds again in early-mid May for increased harvest. Seeds should be planted ½-1 inch deep and 2-4 inches apart. Keep soil moist during germination period.
Harvest Time: Pick pods when they reach 2.5-3”. To encourage production, do not allow excess pods to remain on vine.
Fun Facts:

  • Flowers are white and violet, arriving as early as late spring.
  • Powdery Mildew is a common disease. To prevent, avoid wetting foliage and water at the base of the plant. Space plants evenly to allow for air circulation.

March 2017

Common Name: Blue Flax
Scientific Name: Linum lewisii
Native Range: Europe and Asia
Hardiness Zone: 3-9
General Description: Five petal flowers ranging from vibrant blue to light blue on tall branching stalks. Foliage tends to be light to medium green. Blue flax will reach a height of 1-2 feet with a spread of 1 foot. This perennial is non-aggressive and will self-seed during the fall. USDA noted blue flax for their value in erosion control. Consider mass planting for an eye catching display.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun
  • Water: Light moisture (will tolerant dry soils once established)
  • Soil: Well-drained

Seeding: Sow seeds directly in the garden in early spring or late fall. For spring planting, sow one month prior to last frost date. Soil should be lightly tilled or raked to promote good seed-to-soil contact. Broadcast seeds and gently cover with soil. Keep the area moist for germination period. For late fall planting, sow seeds in soil after November 1st. The seed will lie dormant through the winter and germinate in spring as the days become warm.
Bloom Time: Early summer – midsummer, 6 week bloom period. To encourage blooms trim back spent flowers.

Fun Facts:

  • US Native Plant
  • Deer resistant
  • Drought tolerant

February 2017

Common Name: Scarlet Nantes CarrotScarlet Nantes Carrot
Scientific Name: Dacus carota var. sativus
Native Range: Mediterranean Region
Hardiness Zone: 4 to 10
Days to Maturity: 65-75
General Description: Scarlet Nantes Carrot is a standard market carrot that has a long, cylindrical shape and a rich reddish-orange color. Flavor is sweet and delicious. Roots are fine-grained, containing almost no core. High moisture content makes this variety perfect for juicing. Carrots can reach up to 7 inches long. To prevent diseases, rotate planting location every season.
Site Requirements:Scarlet Nantes Carrot

  • Light: Full sun. Will tolerate very light shade.
  • Water: Moderate moisture. Crusted soil can suppress germinated sprouts.
  • Soil: Well-drained soil with organic matter. Area needs to be free of stones.

Seeding:
This cool-weather crop is easily overplanted due to its fine seeds. Sow seeds directly into loose soil in early spring 2-3 weeks before last frost date. Carrots are slow to germinate, emerging in 2-4 weeks. Cover seeds with ¼ inch of soil—no more than ½ an inch. Lightly water seeds everyday for best germination. Once sprouts emerge thinning is critical to reduce competition. Thin seedlings to 1/2 – 1 inch spacing. Best time for thinning is when soil is damp. Plant seeds every 2-3 weeks throughout midsummer for continuous harvest.
Harvest Time:
Start harvesting as soon as carrots have reached desired size (up to 7 inches). Try pulling up one at a time to check size. Watering the area before harvest can make pulling by hand easier. Harvest by mid-September to avoid pest damage.
Fun Facts:

  • Carrots are a great source of fiber, potassium and vitamin A.
  • Carrot greens can be used in soup stock, pesto, curries or tea.
  • Common pest: carrot rust fly
  • British gardeners plant sage around the area to repel the carrot fly

February 2017

Common Name: Detroit Dark Red BeetDetroit Dark Red Beet
Scientific Name: Beta vulgaris var. crassa
Native Range: Europe & Asia
Hardiness Zone: 2-7. For zones 8-11 grow as a fall crop
Days to Maturity: 55-65
General Description: The Detroit Dark Red Beet is the most popular all-purpose red beet. It is globe-shaped, tender with blood red flesh that is sweet and delicious. Beets are easy to grow and tolerate a wide range of climates. Beets prefer cool weather; in zones 8-11 where summers can be hot, grow them as a fall, winter or early spring crop.
Site Requirements:Picture of the packet of Detroit Dark Red Beet seeds

  • Light: Full sun to part shade
  • Water: Consistent moisture
  • Soil: Well-drained, sandy loam soil high in organic matter. Avoid acidic soil areas.

Seeding:
Sow seeds directly into soil in early spring as soon as soil can be worked. Beets tend to have spotty germination. Pre-soaking seeds for 1-2 hours will soften seed coat and speed germination. Plant seeds ½ inch deep and 1 inch apart. Seeds need close contact with the soil; it is best practice to press down on soil after planting. Sprouts will emerge in 10-20 days. Thin seedlings when they reach 4-5 inch to 3 inches apart.
Harvest Time:
Pull up plants when exposed root tops are 2 inches across.
Fun Facts:

  • Reddish green leaves make a great addition to summer salads
  • Planting garlic and mint with your beets will improve the growth and flavor
  • Beets are very sensitive to toxic substances in the soil and may not germinate if planted near walnut trees or soils containing herbicides

January 2017

Common Name: American Flag LeekAmerican Flag Leeks
Scientific Name: Allium ampeloprasum
Native Range: Egypt
Hardiness Zone: 2 to 5
Days to maturity: 120-155
General Description: Leeks require a long season but are otherwise very easy to grow and the mild onion flavor makes a great addition to many soups, stews, sautés or salads. Start the tiny seeds indoors in early spring, setting out any time after hard frosts are gone—seedlings can tolerate a few degrees of frost.  As the plants start to become larger, earth up soil or mulch, covering the stems, which then blanch or turn white and improves their flavor.  American Flag Leek has blue-green leaves with thick white stalks and will make an attractive and tasty addition to your vegetable garden.
Site Requirements:Leek, Organic American Flag

  • Light: Full sun to partial shade
  • Water: Medium moisture and tolerates some periods of drought
  • Soil: Well-drained soil high in organic matter.

Seeding:
Start the tiny seeds indoors during February or 6-8 weeks before last frost date. Seeds should be planted in soil 1/4 to 1/2 inch in depth. Seedlings will begin sprouting between 5-7 days. For direct seeding, sow seeds in mid-late April. For transplanting, space seedlings 3-4 inches apart in the garden.
Harvest Time:
When tops are 8-12 inches and white stalks are 1 inch in diameter.
Fun Facts:

  • Leeks are a great source of fiber, folic acid, vitamins B6 and C, manganese and iron.
  • Leeks are cold tolerant so they can be left in the garden for fall harvest but should be lifted and stored before the bitter cold arrives.

January 2017Walla Walla Onion

Common Name: Walla Walla Sweet Onion
Scientific Name: Allium cepa
Native Range: Corsica
Hardiness Zone: 2 to 5
Days to Maturity: 90-100
General Description: Walla Walla Sweet Onions are an heirloom from the early 1900’s.  They are large and (you guessed it) sweeter than typical onions.  They have a slightly flattened, round shape with light brown skin and creamy white flesh. Plants will reach a height of 10-12 inches with fruits sizes between 4-6 inches.
Site Requirements:

  • Light: Full sun to partial sun.
  • Water: Moderate moisture until tops fall over.
  • Soil: Fertile well-drained soil. For sweeter onions, avoid fertilizing with gypsum.

Seeding:Picture of the Walla Walla Sweet Onion package.
Begin planting onion seeds indoors between January and February. Use fresh seeds because onions will lose their viability after 2 years. Set out starts a month or six weeks before your frost-free date. For direct seeding, sow seeds at a depth of 1/8 to 1/4 inch during mid-late March to April. Seedlings will start to sprout within 10-14 days. Thin to 4 inches apart when seedlings have 5-10 leaves.
Harvest Time: Can be harvested for fresh eating at any size. As summer progresses, days become warmer and longer which encourages bulbing (formation of underground tissue). By late August the tops of plants will begin to fall to the ground and watering is no longer needed. Once most of the tops are on the ground, bulbs will be ready for harvest in a week or two. Harvest by pulling the neck and lift the onions out of the ground. Leave onions on top of soil for 3-5 days to let cure for better storage properties.
Fun Facts:

  • The Washington State Vegetable is the Walla Walla Sweet Onion.
  • Onions are an excellent source of vitamin C, B6, Folate, and manganese.
  • Slice into planks, grill until caramelized and enjoy your summer bounty!